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-smp 2,cores=2,threads=1 : 2 virtual CPUs, and each CPU is part of a 2-core socket with one thread per core.
-rtc base=utc : virtual RTC is initialized with the current UTC time.
-chardev socket,id=charmonitor,path=/tmp/cf_avd_1000/cvd-/internal/qemu_monitor.sock,server=on,wait=off -mon chardev=charmonitor,id=monitor,mode=control : establish a socket-based character device for monitoring and control QEMU instance.
-display egl-headless -vnc 127.0.0.1:544 : Use EGL in a headless mode for graphics rendering. Additionally, a VNC server is enabled on localhost and port 544, allowing remote access to the virtual machine's display.
-device pcie-pci-bridge,id=hvc-bridge,addr=01.2 : Emulate a PCIe to PCI bus with PCI address "01.2".